Neuromodulation for Addiction: Clinical efficacy and application research
Min ZhaoLecture Hall A
Addiction represents a global health challenge. Craving is the primary clinical manifestation of addiction with unclear mechanism, characterized by dysfunction within neural circuits across various brain regions. Neuromodulation such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) have the potential in the treatment of addiction. We explored the neurobiological basis of craving and investigated the efficacy of neuromodulation for addiction. Randomized controlled trials demonstrated that rTMS significantly reduces cravings and relapse rates among MA users. In the real stimulation group, we observed enhanced functional connectivity between the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and inferior parietal lobule (IPL), along with decreased GABA levels in DLPFC, and EEG signals. Our study also suggested that stimulation targeting both left DLPFC and left ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) improved the efficacy. Besides, we found that patients with gaming disorder had abnormal interpersonal interaction and decreased inter-brain synchronization in the DLPFC. Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is effective to reduce craving and may influence the inter-brain synchronization, subsequently impacting their interpersonal interaction. Additionally, we are conducting related research on closed-loop neuromodulation, temporally interfering (TI) intervention, deep brain stimulation (DBS) intervention and cross-frequency coupled electrical stimulation intervention for addiction. Future investigations may focus on optimizing parameters and exploring clinically applicable interventions.